- Religion in Franco's Spain
- Padre Pio of Italy (influential well-known Italian saint to whom many around the world have devotion)
- Salvation Army (English mission to people who stayed away from church in part because they were poor or homeless or for similar reasons. William Booth founded in 1865)
- Judaism, life and change in the works of a writer such as Isaac Bashevis Singer or Shalom Aleichem
- Taize (ecumenical center in France)
- Muslim life in Germany, Italy, France or another country focusing on a particular time/sub-focus
- Hasidism or Hasidic Judaism (developed 18th c. in Eastern Europe; more expressive than traditional Judaism had been, includes dancing, mysticism, and valuing charity and action over study and learning)
- Methodism (active, emotional public religion beginning in England)
- St. Theresa of Lisieux (saint in later 19th century France, practiced simple, direct devotion, appealed to "humble" people, women, called "the Little Flower")