ENGL4999 - Senior Seminar - Stepanski: Checking Citations/AI Content

Checking if the Book/Book Chapter Exists

1. Do a search for the book in Google Books using the book title and, then, the author name(s) using Google Books Advanced Search.
2. Do a search for the book in WorldCat using the book title and, then, the author name(s).
3. If the book exists, check the Library's Online Catalog to see if it is available through Emmanuel.

Accessing Books/Book Chapter not available at Emmanuel

• Request Article/Book form.
• Additionally, librarians can help see if the source is available at any of the local libraries.

Sample Article Citation:

Erzikova, Elina, and Bruce K. Berger. “Gender Effect in Russian Public Relations: A Perfect Storm of Obstacles for Women.” Women’s Studies International Forum 56 (May 2016): 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2016.02.011.

Checking if the Journal Article Exists

1. Check if the article is found in Google Scholar.
   • Search by  article title  putting the article title in quotes.
   • Search in the Advanced Search by the author(s) last name(s) along with keywords related to the article.
2. Search for the specific article by the   journal title 
   • A-Z Journals by Title for journals that Emmanuel has access to.
   • Google Search for the journal title for journals that Emmanuel does not have access to.

Checking Peer Reviewed Status

1. For Emmanuel owned items, search for the journal title using the  A-Z Journals by Title list to verify the journal's peer-reviewed status.
2. For non-Emmanuel owned journal articles, explore the journal's home page for further information about journal. Be aware that some journals that are predatory will claim to be peer reviewed. (See further information about Predatory Sources.)

Accessing Full Text for articles not available at Emmanuel

• Request Article/Book form.
• Additionally, librarians can help see if the source is available at any of the local libraries.

1. Search Google for the web sources.
2. Check the Wayback Machine for older internet sources that may no longer be posted.

If the Citations Listed Exist

1. Start by checking the ChatGPT text against the content of the cited source. Is the content accurate based on the source?
   If the library does not own the source, use our Interlibrary Loan Service to access the source - Request Article/Book form. Additionally, librarians can help see if the source is available at any of the local libraries.
2. See if other sources say the same thing as the cited source including seeing if there are newer or better sources covering the topic.
3. Conduct your own search for scholarly articles and books using the recommended sources along with using the other recommended news and web sites on this guide to supplement the scholarly sources.

If the Citations Do Not Exist (are hallucinations) or the Content is Not Appropriately Cited

1. See if other sources say the same thing as the ChatGPT content including seeing if there are newer or better sources covering the topic.
2. Conduct your own search for scholarly articles and books using the recommended sources along with using the other recommended news and web sites on this guide to supplement the scholarly sources.

Using Lateral Reading to Evaluate Sources on the Internet